Should you put references on a resume?
For a typical US job application, keep references on a separate sheet and provide them when requested. Use the resume space for your qualifications. Follow the employer’s instructions when they ask for references at the application stage; academic CVs and other markets may follow different conventions.
Prepare your references before they are needed
- Choose people who can describe work they have observed: a former supervisor, project lead, instructor or volunteer coordinator.
- Ask each person whether they are comfortable serving as a reference. Confirm which contact details they want shared.
- Share the role description and your current resume privately so they have context. Never coach them to make claims they cannot support.
- Prepare a separate sheet with your name and contact details, followed by each reference’s name, title, organization, relationship to you and approved contact method.
- Send the sheet through the employer’s requested channel. Keep your references’ contact details off public portfolios and sample resumes.
Reference-sheet example
[Your name] — Professional references
[Your email] · [Your phone]
[Reference name], [Current title], [Organization]
Relationship: [How this person knows your work]
[Email or phone they have agreed you may share]
This is a structure to fill with real, permission-based details. The number of references should follow the employer’s request.
Do you need “references available on request”?
Usually you can omit that line. It does not tell the reader anything about your experience. If an application explicitly requires a reference section or a specific format, follow that requirement.
What if you cannot use your current manager?
If your search is confidential, explain that to the recruiter before sharing a current employer’s contact details. Ask whether a former manager or another person who has directly observed your work would meet their requirements. A recent graduate could discuss a project supervisor or instructor; someone returning to work could consider a volunteer coordinator. Describe the relationship honestly rather than presenting a personal acquaintance as a supervisor.
Give each reference notice when an employer may contact them. Confirm that they are still willing and available, and replace outdated details on your private reference sheet. After the process, thank them and let them know the outcome.